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Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) are a type of irregular heartbeat. These extra beats usually aren't risky, and they may disappear on their own.

To determine PVC doctors listen to your heartbeat and look for other vital indicators. They might order an Holter monitor which tracks your heart's electrical impulses over the course of 24 hours. They can also order blood tests to determine your thyroid hormones and electrolyte levels.

Diagnosis

PVCs are caused by electrical impulses which misfire through the SA node, which is a structure found in the lower chambers of the heart. This causes the next heartbeat to be delayed, causing the sensation of the heart is fluttering or skips beats. PVCs can be seen in a single pattern or in repeated patterns. Two consecutive PVCs are referred to as doublets. Three or more consecutive PVCs are referred to as ventricular tachycardia (VT).

Some people don't experience any symptoms whatsoever, others feel palpitations, which could feel like a pounding or skipping heartbeat. Other signs include fatigue, dizziness, or a feeling that you're unwell.

A lot of people who have occasional PVCs don't need any treatment. If a patient is experiencing frequent episodes, a physician may recommend a change to the diet or lifestyle. For example the restriction of caffeine and stress as well as alcohol. They might prescribe medication such as beta-blockers or calcium channel blockers to lower blood pressure and slow down the heart rate.

Doctors will ask the patient about their medical history, and then perform an examination of the body to determine their general health. They may also use a Holter monitor to track the heart's rhythms over a longer period of time or an electrocardiogram which records a snapshot of the electrical activity of the heart. In certain instances doctors may require blood tests to check for an electrolyte imbalance or toxic effects from drugs.

A pvc physician may refer patients to an electrophysiologist or a specialist in heart rhythm disorders for further evaluation. This specialist can confirm the diagnosis of PVCs and determine whether they are benign or not.

PVCs are all over the place and are not usually harmful when used frequently or for a long time. This can cause a weakening in the heart muscle or a condition known as pvc-induced cardiomyopathy. This is more common in older people or those with heart disease. It can also occur in healthy people with a normal heart, although this is more likely for those who exercise regularly. It is not a major problem, but it is important to tell your doctor if symptoms like fatigue or fainting occur.

Treatment

PVCs are not harmful or cause symptoms in a lot of people. They do not require treatment. However those who do feel your heart is lagging a beat or is racing, it's vital to speak to a doctor as soon as possible.

A cardiologist will begin by conducting an interview and then perform a physical examination, and listening to your heart with the stethoscope to look for irregular heartbeats. Additionally, you will have an electrocardiogram (ECG) done, which will record the electrical impulses in your heart and detect any arrhythmias. If an arrhythmia is detected, a 24-hour Holter monitor or a portable ECG is required to record the abnormal rhythm over longer durations of time. These devices will assist doctors determine if you have PVCs and the underlying cause for them, such as an electrolyte imbalance, drug toxicities, or other causes.

An echocardiogram, also known as an ultrasound of your heart, can be ordered to determine if your heart is healthy and check for indications of structural issues which could cause PVCs. You may also undergo a stress test to see how your heart reacts to exercise, as physical exercise can increase the frequency of your pvcs. You may also undergo blood tests to assess your thyroid, magnesium, and potassium hormone levels to find out if they are too low and can cause the development of PVCs.

Once your doctor has confirmed that you have PVCs and has ruled out any serious illnesses and has made a decision about how to treat them will be based on the extent to which they impact your life and how frequently they occur. If they occur only occasionally and don't cause any symptoms then your doctor is unlikely to prescribe any medication that can reduce their frequency or severity.

If you experience frequent PVCs that trigger palpitations and other symptoms, such as light-headedness or feeling like you're about to faint, your doctor might suggest medication, such as beta blockers or calcium channel blockers. Making changes to your lifestyle in order to stay clear of triggers, such as caffeine, smoking and excessive stress, can also aid in reducing the frequency of occurrences of these irregular pulses.

Prevention

PVCs can cause no symptoms or heart palpitations, which can be described as "skipped beats" or flutters in the chest. These episodes can create an feeling of fullness or pressure, or make you feel faint. These episodes are caused by the heart isn't pumping as effectively as normal. Regular PVCs increase a person's risk of developing dilated Cardiomyopathy, a condition in which the heart gets larger and is not able to pump blood.

PVCs are often caused by changes in body chemistry. This includes the release of adrenaline and thyroid hormones, as well as drinking caffeine or alcohol. Stress or excess weight, as well as a lack of exercise, can trigger these symptoms.

Certain people find that changing their diet can help reduce PVCs. They can, for example avoid foods that are preservative-laden, which could cause disturbances to the heart rhythm. These include disodium guanylate, disodium Inosinate, and diazole Sodium (E282-283). They can also eat more vegetables and fruits to ensure they are getting enough potassium and magnesium.

Regular health checks are crucial as are annual physicals. They can aid in identifying any underlying heart conditions that could be the cause of your PVCs. Also, you should refrain from smoking and adhere to an appropriate diet program. This could increase the frequency of episodes.

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Signs and symptoms

Involuntary ventricular contractions that are premature can cause your heartbeat to skip beats or flutter. These arrhythmias may be harmless or they may be a sign of serious heart problems.

In healthy people, PVCs that occur occasionally are not an issue. They usually disappear on their own. If you're suffering from a lot of them, they may lead to dizziness or weakness. Talk to your doctor if you're concerned. They may have to identify the problem by taking a medical history and conducting an examination. They may also want to perform an electrocardiogram or other tests.

A short ECG test allows your doctor to see the pulse of your heart moving through your body for a the course of a brief period. If you have PVCs, they'll show up on the test. Your doctor might also suggest the use of a Holter monitor that tracks your heartbeat over a longer period of time. These can help differentiate PVCs from other types of arrhythmias that cause heart palpitations. You can also wear an event monitor, a handheld device that records your heart rhythm for 30 days.

Other heart tests may be required, depending on the cause of your PVCs. A cardiologist will test your blood pressure or perform an echocardiogram (ultrasound of the heart). These tests can tell if you suffer from a condition like heart failure or mitral valve prolapse or cardiomyopathy.

Your doctor may also be required to conduct tests on your blood to identify the problem with electrolytes. For instance, you may have low potassium or high levels of calcium. This can be a sign of PVCs or other conditions that may cause them, including anxiety disorders and anemia.

You may be referred to an electrophysiologist an expert who specializes in treating abnormal heart rhythms. The doctor may be required to perform other tests if you are suffering from structural heart diseases, such as a CT or MRI scan of your chest. These tests will tell you whether you've damaged your heart and how severe it is. In some cases an expert may recommend a pacemaker to treat the condition that is causing the PVCs.